Wednesday, July 24, 2013

Cancer? You're Too Young For That...

July 19, 2013 | by rbarnett16 

Too Young
As young adults with cancer, we have all heard this before: "You're too young for that." It is by far the most common reaction when I explain my colon cancer diagnosis, especially since this particular cancer is seen as an "old person's disease." So what do you do when even your doctor has that attitude? 

I cannot remember exactly how many times in a five year period that I heard this phrase from a doctor, but it was a lot. There were many diagnoses thrown at me, including Ulcerative Colitis, Leaky Gut Syndrome, hemorrhoids, or a small intestinal tear. When I would ask about the possibility of colon cancer, that's when the phrase would come. "You're only 17, you're too young for that." It didn't seem to faze them that 13 of my family members had received the dreaded colon cancer diagnosis, including one cousin in his twenties. In fact, no one even asked about my family history; I had to insist that they listen to it. I knew that daily rectal bleeding was not normal for a 17 year old, but none of the doctors I visited seemed at all concerned. I insisted on a colonoscopy at my first appointment and they reluctantly obliged me, but it failed to show anything. For the next five years no one would order another scope even though the bleeding continued.

Right after my 22nd birthday I visited a new doctor because my symptoms had worsened. Even before my appointment I knew without a doubt that I had colon cancer. I was sleeping sometimes 18 hours a day, my abdominal pain was almost unbearable, and I had not used the restroom in almost two months with the exception of passing blood clots. When I reached the doctor and relayed to him my symptoms and how they had worsened over the past five years I was once again told it was probably Ulcerative Colitis. When I mentioned the possibility of colon cancer he literally laughed and then said "the phrase"..."You're too young for that."

I wish I could have seen his face when he found the tumor during my colonoscopy.

Too Young
Be Your Own Advocate!
It took me five years to learn this, but no one knows my body as well as I do. None of my doctors follow me around and see how I feel all day, every day. These are things that I must tell them, and if they choose not to listen then I must either make them listen or find someone else who will. We must advocate for our own health because at the end of the day we are the only ones that must live with how our bodies feel.

Ask About Genetic Testing!
The fact is, there is a genetic mutation called Lynch Syndrome which runs in my family, causing our colon cancer risk to rise to 85% chance in our lifetime. This specific cancer syndrome also increases our chance of other cancers such as endometrial and ovarian, among others. Armed with this new knowledge I was able to evaluate my options and make the decision to change my treatment plan. Instead of just surgically removing the tumor I decided to undergo a total colectomy, or removal of the entire colon, to be preventative. This lowered my risk of future colon cancers from 85% to about 5%. Seeing a genetic counselor or a geneticist and having your family history evaluated can be life saving and empowering. There are many hereditary cancer syndromes that exist and can be tested for besides Lynch Syndrome, including Familial Adenomous Polyposis (FAP), BRCA1 and BRCA2, Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome, Fanconi Anemia, and many more. The choice to learn this information might seem daunting, but it also opens up screening options that could save your life.

Get Screened!
If you are at a high risk for colon cancer, or any cancer for that matter, be vigilant about screening; early detection can be life saving. Find a medical team who understand your risks and will be happy to offer you screening based on your family history and established national guidelines.

You are your best advocate. Research your options, listen to your body, and remember that knowledge is power.
Related Discuss:
(Images courtesy of the author and I Had Cancer)
Reagan Barnett is a 26 year old, stage II colon cancer survivor living with Lynch Syndrome. She was the December 2012 model for the Colondar and is an alum of First Descents. This whole cancer thing caused an early life crisis which resulted in her pursuing her PhD in cancer biology and kicking her shyness to become a public speaker for genetic cancer awareness. You can follow her on twitter at @genesdontfit , subscribe to her blogwhenmygenesdontift.com and find her on I Had Cancer at rbarnett16

Tuesday, July 23, 2013

New Hope for Hormone Resistant Breast Cancer

July 22, 2013 — A new finding provides fresh hope for the millions of women worldwide with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Australian scientists have shown that a specific change, which occurs when tumours become resistant to anti-estrogen therapy, might make the cancers susceptible to treatment with chemotherapy drugs.

Share This:
18
Seventy percent of breast cancer patients have estrogen receptor positive cancer, and most patients respond well to anti-estrogen therapies, for a few years at least. Within 15 years, however, 50% will relapse and eventually die from the disease.
Dr Andrew Stone, Professor Susan Clark and Professor Liz Musgrove, from Sydney's Garvan Institute of Medical Research, in collaboration with scientists from Cardiff University, have demonstrated that the BCL-2 gene becomes epigenetically 'silenced' in resistant tumours. This process is potentially detectable in the blood, providing a diagnostic marker. Their findings are now online in the international journal Molecular Cancer Therapetics.
Epigenetics involves biochemical changes in our cells that directly impact our DNA, making some genes active, while silencing others. Epigenetic events include DNA methylation, when a methyl group -- one carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms -- attaches to a gene, determining the extent to which it is 'switched on' or 'switched off'.
Dr Stone and colleagues have shown in human disease, as well as in several different cell models, that BCL-2 is silenced in estrogen-resistant tumours by DNA methylation.
"The main purpose of the BCL-2 gene is to keep cells alive, so when the gene is silenced, cells become more vulnerable to chemotherapy," said Dr Stone.
"The next step will be to test our findings in clinical studies. We propose that if the BCL-2 gene is silenced, patients with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer would benefit from combination therapy. In other words, tamoxifen could be used in combination with a chemotherapy drug, to kill off vulnerable tumour cells."
"Excitingly, this is something that could be implemented into clinical practice very quickly, since the technology now exists to profile methylation of BCL-2 in all patients -- both estrogen responsive and estrogen resistant patients. In addition, the proposed chemotherapy drugs are already in use."
"If such a test were to be implemented, we believe it could help patients much earlier -- hopefully shutting down tumours at an early stage."
Estrogen is a hormone produced by all women, and drives reproduction, menstruation and menopause. Many breast cells have estrogen receptors on their surface. When one of those cells becomes malignant and starts to multiply, an estrogen receptor positive tumour develops. Typically these tumours are fed by high concentrations of estrogen in the bloodstream, triggered by circumstances such as late first pregnancy, not breastfeeding, or too much body fat.
At present, there are three different therapeutic strategies for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer: blocking the body's production of estrogen with aromatase inhibitors; preventing estrogen from 'binding' to the estrogen receptor by 'binding' the drug tamoxifen instead; and destroying the estrogen receptor completely.
Tamoxifen, now the gold standard treatment, became available in the 1970s.
Endocrine therapies, including tamoxifen, are inexpensive and well-tolerated, and are usually given for 5 years. Over time, however, many tumours become resistant to therapy. When one form of treatment starts to fail, a second is put in place, and then a third. Response times shrink, and tumours start to spread to other parts of the body, usually the brain, lungs, liver and bone.
At this late stage, there is little that can be done to help someone, as the brain, lungs, liver and bone are parts of the body that cannot be biopsied or operated upon.

Eight in 10 now survive skin cancer

Monday 22 July 2013

Cancer Research UK Press Release

Children at beachMore than eight out of 10 people diagnosed with malignant melanoma, the most dangerous form of skin cancer, will now survive the disease, compared to only around five in 10 in the early 70s, according to a new report from Cancer Research UK.
Ten year survival has reached 80 per cent in men and 90 per cent in women, compared to 38 per cent in men and 58 per cent in women 40 years ago. The improvements in survival are likely to be down to improvements in treatment, early diagnosis and awareness of the symptoms.
Nearly 13,000 cases of melanoma are diagnosed each year in the UK, that’s around 35 people every day.
Professor Richard Marais, director of the Cancer Research UK Paterson Institute for Cancer Research based at the University of Manchester, said: “Forty years ago, only around half of those diagnosed with skin cancer were surviving, so eight out of 10 is a massive improvement. More and more people are beating skin cancer but we can’t stop there and we need to develop better treatments for the two out of 10 where things don’t look so good.
“Obviously we’ve come a long way in the fight against skin cancer and that’s largely down to the generosity of supporters who have funded research to help us to understand the disease better and find new ways of beating it. Research funded by Cancer Research UK has underpinned the development of new drugs like vemurafenib. Although these drugs do not cure skin cancers, they can give patients with advanced melanoma valuable extra months and show the progress we are making.”
Dr Harpal Kumar, Cancer Research UK’s chief executive, said: “Our research is revealing more about skin cancer: what causes it, how we can better prevent it and how we can develop targeted treatments to help more people beat the disease. By funding more research we can bring forward the day when even more people survive.
“Cancer Research UK research was behind the discovery that faults in a gene called BRAF contribute to over half of all cases of melanoma. Since then, our scientists have led efforts to develop drugs that target this gene.
“Skin cancer is one of the fastest rising cancers in the UK, which is likely to be down to our sunbathing habits and the introduction of cheap package holidays in previous decades. But the earlier cancer is detected, the easier it is to treat it and the more likely the treatment is to be successful. That’s why it’s important to get to know your skin and if you notice anything unusual, such as a change to a mole or a blemish that still hasn’t healed after a few weeks, then get it checked out by your GP.”

Types of Breast Cancer: A Primer

Breast cancer's responsiveness to estrogen can determine the type—ER, PR, or HR.
It can seem like staying informed about breast health requires learning a whole new language, especially when it comes to the many types ofbreast cancer and the terms that describe them. Is it invasive or non-invasive? Metastatic? Recurrent? Ductal? Lobular? What do all these words even mean?!
Different types can exhibit different breast cancer symptoms and require different kinds of treatment. Since breast health education is our missionhere at The Maurer Foundation, let’s go through a brief outline of the various types of breast cancer.

Where Breast Cancer Begins

The area in the breast where cancer begins can determine how it behaves. There are several sites where cancer can begin, but the most common include the milk ducts, the milk-producing lobules, and connective tissues. The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma, or cancer beginning in the milk ducts that carry milk from the lobules to the nipple.

Whether Breast Cancer Spreads

This is a very important distinction: whether a cancer is invasive or non-invasive (also known as in situ) indicates if it has spread beyond its place of origin. In situ means “in the original place”, and many types of breast cancer use the abbreviation “IS” in their names to describe whether they are invasive or not. For instance, ductal carcinoma has two subtypes, “DCIS” (“ductal carcinoma in situ” and “IDC” (invasive ductal carcinoma).
Invasive cancers, as you might guess, spread outside the duct or lobule where they began, infiltrating the surrounding tissue and even moving to other parts of the body. Sometimes non-invasive breast cancers are described as pre-cancerous because they might eventually become invasive cancers. This is why early detection is one of the most important tools we have against breast cancer!

How Breast Cancer Responds to Hormones

Some types of breast cancer will respond differently to exposure to hormones like estrogen, which naturally occur in the body. This means treatments called hormone-based therapy can be quite effective on certain types of breast cancer.
  • Estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancers are sensitive to estrogen.
  • Progesterone receptor (PR) positive breast cancers are sensitive to progesterone.
  • Hormone receptor (HR) negative breast cancers don’t respond to hormones.

Breast Cancer and HER-2

We’re still learning about the interaction between breast cancer and genetics, but we do know that a gene called HER-2 found on cancer cells can lead to a form of effective treatment. Some breast cancer cells have lots of copies of the HER-2 gene, which means they produce a great deal of a protein called HER-2 that promotes the cells’ growth and multiplication. Some medicines can shut down this protein, meaning the cells that depend on it can be slowed down and even destroyed.
This leads to another group of classifications involving hormones and HER-2, including:
  • Group 1: ER & PR positive, HER-2 negative
  • Group 2: ER & HER-2 positive, PR negative
  • Group 3: HER-2 positive, ER & PR negative
  • Group 4: ER, PR, & HER-2 negative, commonly known as triple negative.
These descriptions are important because it determines which treatments will be most effective, often used in combination with chemotherapy. Group 1 may benefit from hormone-based therapy; group 2 from hormone and HER-2 therapies; group 3 from HER-2 therapy; and group 4 usually only benefits from chemotherapy.

Other Breast Cancer Types & Terms

  • Different breast cancer stages (ranging from 0 to 4) are terms used by doctors to describe the size and spread of cancer cells.
  • Inflammatory breast cancer is an aggressive breast cancer characterized by redness, swelling, and irritation rather than a detectable lump or tumor.
  • Metastatic cancer is a breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body, usually including the lungs, liver, bones, or brains. Metastatic breast cancer is usually classified as Stage 4.
  • Recurrent breast cancer is simply breast cancer that returns after initial treatment, whether months or years later.

What Can You Do?

Staying educated about breast cancer is wonderful, but taking action is even better! Keep up with your regular breast self-exams . Pay attention to the ways you can reduce your breast cancer risks through healthy lifestyle choices. And spread the word about the importance of prevention and early detection: host one of our breast health programs in your school or community. Knowledge is power!

Saturday, July 20, 2013

Navigating Cancer

Weekly Activity Digest

Saturday July 20, 2013

 
 

Expert Breast Cancer Information

General Information About Breast Cancer
Stages of Breast Cancer
Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Recurrent Breast Cancer
Treatment Option Overview
Treatment Options by Stage
Treatment Options for Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Treatment Options for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Treatment Options for Recurrent Breast Cancer
To Learn More About Breast Cancer
 
See more trusted resources from the National Cancer Institute and other experts in the Breast Cancer Library.

Recent Activity

In your groups and discussions:
Breast Cancer Group
Breast Cancer Group
Peggy E. F. joined 'Breast Cancer Group'
Breast Cancer Group
Breast Cancer Group
Peggy E. F. posted to 'Always frightened'
Rebecca you have my empathy. I've been going crazy since diagnosed in 2011(renal cancer StageI), breast cancer insi… (read more)
Breast Cancer Group
Breast Cancer Group
Peggy E. F. added a comment to Breast Cancer Group's 'Breastcancer.org Addresses Intimacy Issues'
Patient Empowerment
i have stage 4 colon cancer and have few small spots on liver. have had 14 chemo treatments. the Cancer tracker blood… (read more)
Patient Empowerment
I became very fond of lukewarm ginger ale and ginger tea - both helped more than any meds I used
Patient Empowerment
I am on treatment 7 of 37 for breast cancer in left breast. I am concerned about heart damage and I am not aw… (read more)
Patient Empowerment
UAMS is in Little Rock Arkansas. I believe they have the most doctors and research center anywhere for MM. Were originally funded by Sam Walton who died from MM.
Patient Empowerment
I haven't had much trouble with "chemo brain" as such, but stress can cause memory problems all on it… (read more)
Patient Empowerment
Patient Empowerment
Jenariane posted to 'Care Giver Help'
Also http://www.cleaningforareason.org/ is a non profit that will set up free maid service for Cancer patients. They are awesome!
Patient Empowerment
Patient Empowerment
Cynthia A A. started the discussion 'Hypogammaglobanemia'
Patient Empowerment
I am on Fermara, and taking the Zometa, breast cancer mass to my bones. The foggy head, and hot flashes are killing m… (read more)
Breast Cancer Group
Breast Cancer Group
Miriam W. started the discussion 'S.A.M.'
Patient Empowerment
Patient Empowerment
Blue Dahlia started the discussion 'Campath for CLL'
In the Explore section:
Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer
Corinne A A. started the discussion 'Arimidex vs exemestane (aromasin)'
Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer
Paula D W. started the discussion 'CLL '
Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer
Bonnie started the discussion 'Aerobic Oxygen Therapy'
Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer
Ken Allred started the discussion 'Leukemia'

Friday, July 19, 2013

6 tips to cope with a cancer diagnosis ... M.D Anderson

6 tips to cope with a cancer diagnosis

| Comments (0)
newly diagnosed with cancer photo.JPGBy Christine Durlam and Amy LaMarca Lyon, social work counselors

When you're a newly diagnosed cancer patient, all the questions and concerns can be overwhelming.   

How will you tell your family and friends? Will your friends treat you differently? Will you have to quit your job? Who will take care of your kids?

It's normal to have these questions and thoughts. But it's important for you to know that you're not alone and that many others are facing these same challenges. 

Here are a few tips for coping with a new diagnosis of cancer.
Get informed
Be an active participant in your health care. Ask questionsabout your diagnosis and treatment plan, including what side effects to expect. 

If you have trouble remembering to ask questions, write them down and take them to your appointment. It also helps to have someone accompany you to appointments so you have a second set of ears.  

Get organized
Many patients organize their health information in a binder. You can include important numbers, names and addresses of your providers and a calendar with your scheduled appointments. 

At MD Anderson, patients have access to MyMDAnderson. This tool gives you online access to your health records and enables you to communicate with your medical team. 

You can also stop by The Learning Center and pick up a Personal Health Manager Folder from the American Cancer Society.  This is a great organizational tool that helps patients keep track of appointments, medication, test results, insurance, bills and other details related to your care.

Adopt a policy of open communication
Keep your family and friends informed and involved. Caregivers often say that they're not sure how to help. Assign tasks so they can feel involved. Appoint an information chief so that you are not always answering the same questions over and over. Or, start a blog to keep everyone updated. 

Ask a friend to make you dinner. Ask an older child to take out the trash. Remember, family and friends can be a source of great support for you and they oftentimes truly want to help.
Maintain a routine 
Patients often overlook everyday tasks as their focus shifts to medical needs. Maintaining a routine can help you regain a sense of control and normalcy. This is important as you adjust to new demands. 

Remain involved with work and leisure activities as much as you can. Maintain a healthy lifestyle to boost your energy and improve your quality of life. 
Focus on self care
It's important to set aside time for yourself. Some things you can practice on your own include: relaxation techniquessuch as mindfulness, self-hypnosis and, yoga.  

Journaling also can help relieve stress and allow you to express your emotions in a healthy way. When faced with a difficult decision, you can use your journal to list the pros and cons for each choice. 

Nurturing your spiritual health through prayer and meditation can be beneficial as well. 

Seek additional support
Social work counselors are here to help patients, families and caregivers. Whether you're newly diagnosed or have been dealing with cancer for a while, MD Anderson's social work counselors can help make this scary and stressful time more manageable. 

We offer individual, couples and family counseling. We also facilitate support groups throughout the institution. In addition, we can help you locate a local counselor, local support group or an online support community.  

To connect with a counselor, contact the Department of Social Work online or call 713-792-6195.